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Flags of Our Fathers

"Flags of Our Fathers" ("Flags of Our Fathers") was a great movie directed by Clint Eastwood and released in 2006. The story revolved around the true story of six soldiers who raised the American flag at the battle of Iwo Jima, decisive in the Second World War. The dramas experienced by some members of the U.S. military who were present on the Japanese island, and after erect the flag, went on a sort of U.S. tour to raise funds in order to maintain the army the country in Japan, continuing the worldwide conflict.

Yesterday, the starting number of 38 World Cup in South Africa, held in Tshwane, faced U.S. and Algeria and the comparison is inevitable. The U.S. was prepared for a war in order for the classification round of the Cup. In the previous game, selected the U.S. was hampered by poor officiating Koman Coulibaly of

referee of Mali, which invalidated a legitimate goal, accusing impediment nonexistent. Needing just one goal for his classification, the U.S. faced not only in Algeria yesterday's game, but again the referee's whistle wrong Belgian Frank De Bleeckere again aborting a legitimate goal of "yankees." After circling the area in Algeria for nearly the entire game - losing unbelievable goals, say by the way - at 46 minutes after the break finally came the redemption of a team that was "to waiting for a miracle ": the goal of classification, marked by Landon Donovan, a veteran "war" on U.S. team. Came the "Flags of Our Fathers" for the team. This post is not intended to analyze this game tactically. What deserves attention, no doubt, is the realization of growth and progress that had football in the U.S. over the years. If earlier he had participated in World Cups (the U.S. in 1950 were in Brazil, including the winning England), football won promotion in the 1970s, when Pele, Carlos Alberto, Franz Beckenbauer, among others, played in "football show" Team New York Cosmos.

Yet for almost two decades football was relegated to the obscurity of being a sport "boring" - after all, basketball, American football and even baseball, the scores were larger and more appealing to the public - let's not forget the vocation of business they have.

In 1994, when finally hosted its first World Cup - won by Brazil - the U.S. gave impusionada new sport. Full stadiums - not always of Americans born since the country is an immense "Melting pot", hosting several colonies of immigrants - Italians, Irish, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Japanese, Chinese, Mexican and even Brazilians from Governador Valadares (MG). Still, the U.S. escrete was crude and even seen through the prism of being picturesque. After all, what point in football qualities embodied in the figure of Alex Lalas - who looked more like rocker-biker Harley-Davidson?

The Confederations Cup, held in South Africa last year, fes emergence of a new football produced by the U.S.. Led by good coach Bob Bradley, the Americans rebounded from the ashes after an unpromising start. When looked eliminated, resurfaced and went to the tournament final, facing Brazil. In the first half, a ball in the U.S. (2-0), while Brazil only managed to turn the match in the second half. There, the U.S. soccer would ever show their progress.

The draw against "mighty" England (1-1) and the new tie with Slovenia (2 to 2, and, with the U.S. being, as already pointed out, hurt by arbitration), confirmed that the U.S. came ready to make history in this tournament. They came to conquer his honor in the world soccer scene.

The next match will be against willful Africans from Ghana. It will be another battle. It may be that the Americans win and fighting spirit displayed in three previous matches confirms they are in the up position in football. But if they lose, there will be a Hollywood disaster. Will make sure that planning, organizaçãoe only make sense of collectivity add to business success of the sport.

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Article: "Being different is not only normal, it's healthy."

He draws nearer an election in Brazil. In October we will be choosing our "representatives" who occupy public office and that "theoretically" will want to improve people's lives, on points of personal views and ideologies are often rooted in specific. Along the way, stoked to debates and disputes in the new technological tools like Twitter, for example, where, since it occurs a healthy exchange of ideas without falling into the personal side, the debate is ; very welcome.

not live without a flag. Maybe we are facing a quite pessimistic in this regard. Currently, ideology no longer exists, except in very restricted political niche - and that precisely because they remain faithful to the flag they chose not succeed at the polls.

"Ideology, I want to live a"
. In the late 1980s, Cazuza was singing rock and passed the message that would be the highlight of the awakening of the Age of Aquarius. In Brazil, almost two decades following we begin to see a deplorable upsurge of marriage between politics and ideology.

I'm not here defending this or that banner. Being on the verge of becoming a historian, indeed, and not only attentive reader of history books, but also publications of Political and Social Sciences, believe that socialism, which emerged as a theory of economic organization and later transcended into the realm of culture, society and politics was an excellent idea, but which unfortunately can not handle the reality of the contemporary world. Therefore, within this theory itself, distinguished thinkers - among them, intellectuals such as Antonio Gramsci (Italian side) and even controversial (and revolutionary) historians like Eric Hobsbawm and Edward Palmer Thompson ( founders of the British New Left) - surprised and annoyed with socialism implemented by Joseph Stalin's Marxism and reformist strict sense - not that Thompson and Hobsbawm, for example, differed from Marxism primary, but rather creators new concepts applied to the original idea. And yet, applied the new scenario of post-modernity, socialism proved to be magnificent only within the literary pages.

Which is not to say that, on the other hand, capitalism is also interpreted as purely perceptive in the contemporary scene as well. If the original idea was good, certainly need further adjustments. Unfortunately was not well applied and savage capitalism predominated decades of 1980/1990, bringing back the much-criticized liberalism in the late 1920s. Examples of holdings

labor and economic dependence of countries (virtually bankrupt) to multinational companies (United Fruit, for example in Central America), are examples of predatory and wild fight ria, unhealthy for the growth and development of Third World countries.

The emergence of the rule of third way, personified in the rise of Tony Blair in the mid 1990 - with the British New Labour, presenting the model for the twenty-first century, following the principle "work for those who can work" and "assistance for those unable to work" - and also the new French socialism contraposiçãoa addicted formulas conservative and ultra-rightists (eg Jean-Marie Le Pen, in France itself, and Silvio Berlusconi Italy) renewed air not only French but also brought a feeling of redemption of the state of society as a conductor. A State, at the same time, "referee" and "supporter" of a new practice for society, the state translated into a neo-Bismarckism, in allusion to the state model designed by Otto Von Bismarck in Germany (see IANNI, Octavio.. Neobismarckismo. "The cycle of the bourgeois revolution in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro. January, Columbia University Press, 1979)..

Certainly the debate over the positioning model from Brazil, compared to those paradigms is provided sine qua non for the country's entry in the list of most developed countries in the world. However, with pessimism envision the current scenario of populist practices coupled with a welfare state, with a view electioneering. Many confuse this model to the British model of the third way, already cited in this text. In turn, also disagree with the conservative interests allies ruse aimed at foreign enrichment at the expense of the success of our national economy.

What scares me is that nowadays in Brazil there is such a debate, especially in academic circles and media. In Brazil, we discuss more "policy" than "economy", "culture" and "society." Platforms, agreements, bargaining ... parties that were before you ascend to Olympus political pragmatism attacked the government, now located at the top of the chain of governance, defend evil practices, with the bogus explanation of "governability". And it comes to meeting the disappearance (or decrease?) Ideology. If one hand is the continued attacks "Carlism" corners in Bahia, on the other hand, if the stroke-Colonels renewed clan that rules the Maranhão since 1966.

This certainly does not absolve of guilt the political practices carried out in previous governments. If there are culprits, demonstrably, they are punished and brought to the surface, emerging for the population to learn to not repeat old mistakes.

The population, which is mostly sold, misses the point of this whole debate. The population interest full belly and a bedroom TV. Interested in the possibility of the country hosting a World Cup and Olympics in the not too distant. Interested jumping carnival every year, to see women naked and sweaty. Interested forget the reality, even momentarily abdicated in a dream carnival. The existence of this trait, the Brazilian man seen as cordial is inherent to this or some previous governments. No, they are not guilty by the appearance of Brazil. Yes they are guilty, by the predominance of this outdated model, that is devoid of conscience and citizenship - political, economic and social development.

On June 18 this year, died José Saramago, Portuguese writer won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1998. Unfortunately he was known for much of the population at the time of his death. Many of his books must have been sold at the time of his burial. Others will be sold throughout the week until the obituary of weekly remember his death. After that, it will be relegated back to the perpetual resting place Brazilian oblivion. Meanwhile, it will be valuable to have a TV at home last generation, the Playstation fashion, rather than the awareness of educational investment in the medium to long term, to form future citizens . The promise of votes subverts any planning for the development of intellectual capital.

Through it, unfortunately we see a certain irrationality of those who, in the absence of argument and respect the opinions of others, prefer to incur the reverse path of radicalism: "If you disagree with me in the provides. " "If it is against my thinking is wrong." If lack ideology, intolerance remains. And the result is the pessimistic conclusion that if some still question today and are unhappy with the picture of alienation in the Brazilian who lives in a few generations will be absent this kind of debate.

After all,

"being different" is not normal. It's healthy. "

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Liberalism, Socialism and Democracy (Daniel Reis Filho)


Men are born equal and have the right to freedom and the pursuit of Happiness. These words, commonplace today, were first handed down for over two hundred years.

came on the wings of the American and French revolutions in the late eighteenth XVIII, and helped to encourage people to build the fortunes of another way.

A revolutionary transformation.

In past times, people are not created equal, however, were naturally uneven. Neither had the right to freedom, restricted to those calling the shots. As for happiness, that was enough to conform to the current Order. So thought the elite and most societies. It was natural that it did, because it always been like that.

But these revolutions have changed ways of seeing life. And would change history forever.

However, frightened by the power of dreams raised, some men, of good and goods, then tried to impose limits. Equalities and freedoms would be enjoyed only in certain circles - those who could read, owners, men and whites. In the manufacture of the first liberal constitutions restabeleceramse privileges that appeared to have been extinguished forever.

But the damage was done, the apple had been bitten, the virus is known, had spread.

Workers blacks, women, underprivileged, marginalized, the unlucky in life, from all walks of backbiting, scatterbrained and down-shaven, all wanted the same delicacy. As if there were no more kings, everyone wanted to be kings. In the course of his major breakthroughs appeared the first questions: we want too!

The more astute to realize the danger that had formed. Those waves ... no longer possible to stop them.

Consequently, alternative proposals have emerged: democratic and socialist. Power does not would only be for the people, but should be exercised by him, by the people. And equality, they wanted it more comprehensive, covering other dimensions of human life: employment, security, education, health, even the sacrosanct property would be collective. It was unbearable, everyone wanted everything.

The long nineteenth century was the history of these struggles and it tended to be associated with democracy and socialism. Democracy, effective, would be socialist. Socialism, authentic, would have to be democratic, or would not be socialism.

Pressures grown so large that, even among liberals, he admitted the necessity of a process that was gradually able to expand access to suffrage and participation in public affairs. Yet democracy was still anchored in the socialist proposals. Between socialism and democracy, an equal sign.

entãoa came World War I, and its scope, came the Russian revolutions. Prompted by socialists, marked, in its beginnings, radical democratic organizations - the councils workers and soldiers, the Soviets.

But democracy did not work. Traditions, circumstances and choices led to the formation of a revolutionary dictatorship. In fact, under the Russian Empire, no one knew what democracy was or had ever existed democratic institutions. Moreover, years and years of wars, as always, defined centralized political structures, tyrannical. Finally, the choices socialist Bolshevik Party, fearful democratic institutions that will steal the power, closed with thick bars the political process.

converteuse Socialism Soviet socialism in the quarter. Militarized dictatorship. The Communists, as well observed G. Orwell, a new elite have become more equal than others.

the same time, continuing the mutation of liberalism, ever closer to democracy and even references socializing. After the Second World War, fought against the Nazi beast, in the name of democracy, independence of peoples and social justice, consolidouse process. On the basis of universal suffrage, he graduated from liberal democracy, naturalizing the association of two terms, as if they had, always walked together. This did not stop many liberals of supporting dictatorships, according to circumstances and interests.

The Soviet system, reproduziase, albeit with their own color, China, Central Europe, Cuba, building up a new sign of equality between socialism and dictatorship.

In two centuries, the mutations and the ironies of history.

Liberalism classical, elitist, undemocratic and unpopular, insensitive to social demands transformarase in liberal democracy, incorporating social and democratic demands, an actually existing liberalism.

Socialism, the Soviet version was hegemonic throughout the twentieth century, and while making profound social and economic reforms, converterase a world governed by dictatorial states, powerful, but unable to seduce.

If there is a grain of truth in these reflections, the reinvention of socialism in the future depends, paradoxically, a well-directed back to the past. In the inventory of his scars, the Socialists should rescue the equal sign between socialism and democracy, political and precious cultural heritage and beautiful tradition, forged in the nineteenth century and abandoned in the bends of tortuous paths followed by the socialism of the twentieth century.

(REIS AARON DANIEL is Professor of Contemporary History at the Universidade Federal Fluminense)

Published in The Globe on 06/06/2010. Imagined Communities